1: Bethge T, Hachemi HA, Manzetti J, Gosert R, Schaffner W, Hirsch HH. Sp1 sites 
in the non-coding control region of BK polyomavirus are key regulators of
bidirectional viral early and late gene expression. J Virol. 2015 Jan 14. pii:
JVI.03625-14. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 25589646.


2: Keiser S, Schmidt K, Bethge T, Steiger J, Hirsch HH, Schaffner W, Georgiev O. 
Emergence of infectious simian virus 40 whose AT tract in the replication
origin/early promoter region is substituted by cellular or viral DNAs. J Gen
Virol. 2014 Nov 10. pii: vir.0.071274-0. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.071274-0. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 25385869.


3: Atanesyan L, Günther V, Dichtl B, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Polyglutamine
tracts as modulators of transcriptional activation from yeast to mammals. Biol
Chem. 2012 Jan;393(1-2):63-70. doi: 10.1515/BC-2011-252. PubMed PMID: 22628299.


4: Günther V, Lindert U, Schaffner W. The taste of heavy metals: gene regulation 
by MTF-1. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Sep;1823(9):1416-25. doi:
10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.01.005. Epub 2012 Jan 20. Review. PubMed PMID: 22289350.


5: Günther V, Strassen T, Lindert U, Dagani P, Waldvogel D, Georgiev O, Schaffner
W, Bethge T. Simian virus 40 strains with novel properties generated by replacing
the viral enhancer with synthetic oligonucleotides. J Virol. 2012
Mar;86(6):3135-42. doi: 10.1128/JVI.06293-11. Epub 2012 Jan 11. PubMed PMID:
22238322; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3302306.


6: Günther V, Waldvogel D, Nosswitz M, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Dissection of
Drosophila MTF-1 reveals a domain for differential target gene activation upon
copper overload vs. copper starvation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012
Feb;44(2):404-11. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.11.016. Epub 2011 Nov 26. PubMed
PMID: 22138226.


7: Günther V, Davis AM, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. A conserved cysteine cluster,
essential for transcriptional activity, mediates homodimerization of human
metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1). Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012
Feb;1823(2):476-83. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.10.006. Epub 2011 Oct 25. PubMed
PMID: 22057392.


8: Atanesyan L, Günther V, Celniker SE, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Characterization
of MtnE, the fifth metallothionein member in Drosophila. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2011 
Oct;16(7):1047-56. doi: 10.1007/s00775-011-0825-4. Epub 2011 Aug 26. PubMed PMID:
21870250.


9: Hua H, Münter L, Harmeier A, Georgiev O, Multhaup G, Schaffner W. Toxicity of 
Alzheimer's disease-associated Aβ peptide is ameliorated in a Drosophila model by
tight control of zinc and copper availability. Biol Chem. 2011
Oct;392(10):919-26. doi: 10.1515/BC.2011.084. Epub 2011 Jul 30. PubMed PMID:
21801085.


10: Hua H, Günther V, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Distorted copper homeostasis with 
decreased sensitivity to cisplatin upon chaperone Atox1 deletion in Drosophila.
Biometals. 2011 Jun;24(3):445-53. doi: 10.1007/s10534-011-9438-1. Epub 2011 Apr
5. PubMed PMID: 21465178.


11: Saini N, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. The parkin mutant phenotype in the fly is
largely rescued by metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1). Mol Cell Biol. 
2011 May;31(10):2151-61. doi: 10.1128/MCB.05207-11. Epub 2011 Mar 7. PubMed PMID:
21383066; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3133352.


12: Saini N, Oelhafen S, Hua H, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Büeler H. Extended
lifespan of Drosophila parkin mutants through sequestration of redox-active
metals and enhancement of anti-oxidative pathways. Neurobiol Dis. 2010
Oct;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.05.011. Epub 2010 May 17. PubMed PMID:
20483372.


13: Steiger D, Fetchko M, Vardanyan A, Atanesyan L, Steiner K, Turski ML, Thiele 
DJ, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. The Drosophila copper transporter Ctr1C functions in
male fertility. J Biol Chem. 2010 May 28;285(22):17089-97. doi:
10.1074/jbc.M109.090282. Epub 2010 Mar 29. PubMed PMID: 20351114; PubMed Central 
PMCID: PMC2878003.


14: Saini N, Schaffner W. Zinc supplement greatly improves the condition of
parkin mutant Drosophila. Biol Chem. 2010 May;391(5):513-8. doi:
10.1515/BC.2010.052. PubMed PMID: 20302514.


15: Hua H, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Steiger D. Human copper transporter Ctr1 is
functional in Drosophila, revealing a high degree of conservation between mammals
and insects. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2010 Jan;15(1):107-13. doi:
10.1007/s00775-009-0599-0. Epub 2009 Oct 25. PubMed PMID: 19856191.


16: Lindert U, Cramer M, Meuli M, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Metal-responsive
transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) activity is regulated by a nonconventional nuclear
localization signal and a metal-responsive transactivation domain. Mol Cell Biol.
2009 Dec;29(23):6283-93. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00847-09. Epub 2009 Sep 21. PubMed
PMID: 19797083; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2786702.


17: Balamurugan K, Hua H, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Mercury and cadmium trigger
expression of the copper importer Ctr1B, which enables Drosophila to thrive on
heavy metal-loaded food. Biol Chem. 2009 Feb;390(2):109-13. doi:
10.1515/BC.2009.020. PubMed PMID: 19040355.


18: Kappeler M, Kranz E, Woolcock K, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Drosophila bloom
helicase maintains genome integrity by inhibiting recombination between divergent
DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Dec;36(21):6907-17. doi:
10.1093/nar/gkn793. Epub 2008 Oct 31. PubMed PMID: 18978019; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC2588521.


19: Lindert U, Leuzinger L, Steiner K, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Characterization 
of metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) from the giant rodent capybara
reveals features in common with human as well as with small rodents (mouse, rat).
Short communication. Chem Biodivers. 2008 Aug;5(8):1485-94. doi:
10.1002/cbdv.200890137. PubMed PMID: 18729110.


20: Vardanyan A, Atanesyan L, Egli D, Raja SJ, Steinmann-Zwicky M, Renkawitz-Pohl
R, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Dumpy-30 family members as determinants of male
fertility and interaction partners of metal-responsive transcription factor 1
(MTF-1) in Drosophila. BMC Dev Biol. 2008 Jun 27;8:68. doi:
10.1186/1471-213X-8-68. PubMed PMID: 18588663; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2478662.


21: Balamurugan K, Egli D, Hua H, Rajaram R, Seisenbacher G, Georgiev O,
Schaffner W. Copper homeostasis in Drosophila by complex interplay of import,
storage and behavioral avoidance. EMBO J. 2007 Feb 21;26(4):1035-44. Epub 2007
Feb 8. PubMed PMID: 17290228; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1852831.


22: Takeuchi H, Georgiev O, Fetchko M, Kappeler M, Schaffner W, Egli D. In vivo
construction of transgenes in Drosophila. Genetics. 2007 Apr;175(4):2019-28. Epub
2006 Dec 18. PubMed PMID: 17179096; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1855104.


23: Yepiskoposyan H, Egli D, Fergestad T, Selvaraj A, Treiber C, Multhaup G,
Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Transcriptome response to heavy metal stress in
Drosophila reveals a new zinc transporter that confers resistance to zinc.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(17):4866-77. Epub 2006 Sep 14. PubMed PMID: 16973896; 
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1635269.


24: Balamurugan K, Schaffner W. Copper homeostasis in eukaryotes: teetering on a 
tightrope. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Jul;1763(7):737-46. Epub 2006 May 12.
Review. PubMed PMID: 16784785.


25: Egli D, Domènech J, Selvaraj A, Balamurugan K, Hua H, Capdevila M, Georgiev
O, Schaffner W, Atrian S. The four members of the Drosophila metallothionein
family exhibit distinct yet overlapping roles in heavy metal homeostasis and
detoxification. Genes Cells. 2006 Jun;11(6):647-58. PubMed PMID: 16716195.


26: Egli D, Yepiskoposyan H, Selvaraj A, Balamurugan K, Rajaram R, Simons A,
Multhaup G, Mettler S, Vardanyan A, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. A family knockout of
all four Drosophila metallothioneins reveals a central role in copper homeostasis
and detoxification. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Mar;26(6):2286-96. PubMed PMID: 16508004;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1430275.


27: Wimmer U, Wang Y, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Two major branches of anti-cadmium
defense in the mouse: MTF-1/metallothioneins and glutathione. Nucleic Acids Res. 
2005 Oct 12;33(18):5715-27. Print 2005. PubMed PMID: 16221973; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC1253828.


28: Sirena D, Ruzsics Z, Schaffner W, Greber UF, Hemmi S. The nucleotide sequence
and a first generation gene transfer vector of species B human adenovirus
serotype 3. Virology. 2005 Dec 20;343(2):283-98. Epub 2005 Sep 16. PubMed PMID:
16169033.


29: Cramer M, Nagy I, Murphy BJ, Gassmann M, Hottiger MO, Georgiev O, Schaffner
W. NF-kappaB contributes to transcription of placenta growth factor and interacts
with metal responsive transcription factor-1 in hypoxic human cells. Biol Chem.
2005 Sep;386(9):865-72. Erratum in: Biol Chem. 2006 Jan;387(1):113. PubMed PMID: 
16164411.


30: Fleischli C, Verhaagh S, Havenga M, Sirena D, Schaffner W, Cattaneo R, Greber
UF, Hemmi S. The distal short consensus repeats 1 and 2 of the membrane cofactor 
protein CD46 and their distance from the cell membrane determine productive entry
of species B adenovirus serotype 35. J Virol. 2005 Aug;79(15):10013-22. PubMed
PMID: 16014961; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1181579.


31: Petrascheck M, Escher D, Mahmoudi T, Verrijzer CP, Schaffner W, Barberis A.
DNA looping induced by a transcriptional enhancer in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res.
2005 Jul 7;33(12):3743-50. Print 2005. PubMed PMID: 16002789; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC1174898.


32: Selvaraj A, Balamurugan K, Yepiskoposyan H, Zhou H, Egli D, Georgiev O,
Thiele DJ, Schaffner W. Metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) handles
both extremes, copper load and copper starvation, by activating different genes. 
Genes Dev. 2005 Apr 15;19(8):891-6. PubMed PMID: 15833915; PubMed Central PMCID: 
PMC1080128.


33: Wang Y, Lorenzi I, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Metal-responsive transcription
factor-1 (MTF-1) selects different types of metal response elements at low vs.
high zinc concentration. Biol Chem. 2004 Jul;385(7):623-32. PubMed PMID:
15318811.


34: Balamurugan K, Egli D, Selvaraj A, Zhang B, Georgiev O, Schaffner W.
Metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) and heavy metal stress response in 
Drosophila and mammalian cells: a functional comparison. Biol Chem. 2004
Jul;385(7):597-603. PubMed PMID: 15318808.


35: Wang Y, Wimmer U, Lichtlen P, Inderbitzin D, Stieger B, Meier PJ, Hunziker L,
Stallmach T, Forrer R, Rülicke T, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Metal-responsive
transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is essential for embryonic liver development and
heavy metal detoxification in the adult liver. FASEB J. 2004 Jul;18(10):1071-9.
PubMed PMID: 15226267.


36: Egli D, Hafen E, Schaffner W. An efficient method to generate chromosomal
rearrangements by targeted DNA double-strand breaks in Drosophila melanogaster.
Genome Res. 2004 Jul;14(7):1382-93. Epub 2004 Jun 14. PubMed PMID: 15197166;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC442155.


37: Zhang B, Georgiev O, Hagmann M, Günes C, Cramer M, Faller P, Vasák M,
Schaffner W. Activity of metal-responsive transcription factor 1 by toxic heavy
metals and H2O2 in vitro is modulated by metallothionein. Mol Cell Biol. 2003
Dec;23(23):8471-85. PubMed PMID: 14612393; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC262672.


38: Saydam N, Steiner F, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Heat and heavy metal stress
synergize to mediate transcriptional hyperactivation by metal-responsive
transcription factor MTF-1. J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 22;278(34):31879-83. Epub 2003 
Jun 12. PubMed PMID: 12805380.


39: Peter I, Graf C, Dummer R, Schaffner W, Greber UF, Hemmi S. A novel
attenuated replication-competent adenovirus for melanoma therapy. Gene Ther. 2003
Apr;10(7):530-9. PubMed PMID: 12646858.


40: Egli D, Selvaraj A, Yepiskoposyan H, Zhang B, Hafen E, Georgiev O, Schaffner 
W. Knockout of 'metal-responsive transcription factor' MTF-1 in Drosophila by
homologous recombination reveals its central role in heavy metal homeostasis.
EMBO J. 2003 Jan 2;22(1):100-8. PubMed PMID: 12505988; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC140060.


41: Saydam N, Adams TK, Steiner F, Schaffner W, Freedman JH. Regulation of
metallothionein transcription by the metal-responsive transcription factor MTF-1:
identification of signal transduction cascades that control metal-inducible
transcription. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 7;277(23):20438-45. Epub 2002 Mar 28. PubMed
PMID: 11923282.


42: Lichtlen P, Schaffner W. The "metal transcription factor" MTF-1: biological
facts and medical implications. Swiss Med Wkly. 2001 Dec 1;131(45-46):647-52.
Review. PubMed PMID: 11835113.


43: Lichtlen P, Schaffner W. Putting its fingers on stressful situations: the
heavy metal-regulatory transcription factor MTF-1. Bioessays. 2001
Nov;23(11):1010-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 11746217.


44: Zhang B, Egli D, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. The Drosophila homolog of mammalian
zinc finger factor MTF-1 activates transcription in response to heavy metals. Mol
Cell Biol. 2001 Jul;21(14):4505-14. PubMed PMID: 11416130; PubMed Central PMCID: 
PMC87110.


45: Saydam N, Georgiev O, Nakano MY, Greber UF, Schaffner W. Nucleo-cytoplasmic
trafficking of metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 is regulated by diverse
stress signals. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jul 6;276(27):25487-95. Epub 2001 Apr 16.
PubMed PMID: 11306562.


46: Lichtlen P, Wang Y, Belser T, Georgiev O, Certa U, Sack R, Schaffner W.
Target gene search for the metal-responsive transcription factor MTF-1. Nucleic
Acids Res. 2001 Apr 1;29(7):1514-23. PubMed PMID: 11266553; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC31279.


47: Auf der Maur A, Belser T, Wang Y, Günes C, Lichtlen P, Georgiev O, Schaffner 
W. Characterization of the mouse gene for the heavy metal-responsive
transcription factor MTF-1. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2000 Jul;5(3):196-206. PubMed
PMID: 11005378; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC312886.


48: Escher D, Bodmer-Glavas M, Barberis A, Schaffner W. Conservation of
glutamine-rich transactivation function between yeast and humans. Mol Cell Biol. 
2000 Apr;20(8):2774-82. PubMed PMID: 10733580; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC85493.


49: Lichtlen P, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Aguzzi A, Brandner S. The heavy
metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is not required for neural
differentiation. Biol Chem. 1999 Jun;380(6):711-5. PubMed PMID: 10430037.


50: Auf der Maur A, Belser T, Elgar G, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Characterization 
of the transcription factor MTF-1 from the Japanese pufferfish (Fugu rubripes)
reveals evolutionary conservation of heavy metal stress response. Biol Chem. 1999
Feb;380(2):175-85. PubMed PMID: 10195425.


51: Hagmann M, Bruggmann R, Xue L, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Rungger D, Spaniol P,
Gerster T. Homologous recombination and DNA-end joining reactions in zygotes and 
early embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Drosophila melanogaster. Biol Chem. 
1998 Jun;379(6):673-81. PubMed PMID: 9687016.


52: Günes C, Heuchel R, Georgiev O, Müller KH, Lichtlen P, Blüthmann H, Marino S,
Aguzzi A, Schaffner W. Embryonic lethality and liver degeneration in mice lacking
the metal-responsive transcriptional activator MTF-1. EMBO J. 1998 May
15;17(10):2846-54. PubMed PMID: 9582278; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1170625.


53: Schaffner W. EMBO workshop on "gene expression under stress conditions" in
Carcavelos-Lisbon, Portugal. Biol Chem. 1998 Jan;379(1):87-92. PubMed PMID:
9504723.


54: Rother KI, Clay OK, Bourquin JP, Silke J, Schaffner W. Long non-stop reading 
frames on the antisense strand of heat shock protein 70 genes and prion protein
(PrP) genes are conserved between species. Biol Chem. 1997 Dec;378(12):1521-30.
PubMed PMID: 9461351.


55: Escher D, Schaffner W. Gene activation at a distance and telomeric silencing 
are not affected by yeast histone H1. Mol Gen Genet. 1997 Oct;256(4):456-61.
PubMed PMID: 9393443.


56: Hagmann M, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. The VP16 paradox: herpes simplex virus
VP16 contains a long-range activation domain but within the natural multiprotein 
complex activates only from promoter-proximal positions. J Virol. 1997
Aug;71(8):5952-62. PubMed PMID: 9223485; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC191851.


57: Moosmann P, Georgiev O, Thiesen HJ, Hagmann M, Schaffner W. Silencing of RNA 
polymerases II and III-dependent transcription by the KRAB protein domain of
KOX1, a Krüppel-type zinc finger factor. Biol Chem. 1997 Jul;378(7):669-77.
PubMed PMID: 9278146.


58: Tanner S, Stagljar I, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Bourquin JP. A novel
SR-related protein specifically interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) 
of RNA polymerase II through a conserved interaction domain. Biol Chem. 1997
Jun;378(6):565-71. PubMed PMID: 9224939.


59: Bourquin JP, Stagljar I, Meier P, Moosmann P, Silke J, Baechi T, Georgiev O, 
Schaffner W. A serine/arginine-rich nuclear matrix cyclophilin interacts with the
C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Jun
1;25(11):2055-61. PubMed PMID: 9153302; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC146702.


60: Moosmann P, Georgiev O, Le Douarin B, Bourquin JP, Schaffner W.
Transcriptional repression by RING finger protein TIF1 beta that interacts with
the KRAB repressor domain of KOX1. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Dec 15;24(24):4859-67.
PubMed PMID: 9016654; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC146346.


61: Escher D, Schaffner W. Improved "activator trap" method for the isolation of 
transcriptional activation domains from random DNA fragments. Biotechniques. 1996
Nov;21(5):848-54. PubMed PMID: 8922625.


62: Gstaiger M, Hovens C, Georgiev O, Knoepfel L, Schaffner W. BZLF1 (ZEBRA, Zta)
protein of Epstein-Barr virus selected in a yeast one-hybrid system by binding to
a consensus site in the IgH intronic enhancer: a role in immunoglobulin
expression? Biol Chem. 1996 Oct;377(10):669-73. PubMed PMID: 8922596.


63: Gstaiger M, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Fine mapping of protein interaction
surfaces with a PCR-based mutagenesis screen in yeast. Trends Genet. 1996
Oct;12(10):393-4. PubMed PMID: 8909132.


64: Stagljar I, Bourquin JP, Schaffner W. Use of the two-hybrid system and random
sonicated DNA to identify the interaction domain of a protein. Biotechniques.
1996 Sep;21(3):430-2. PubMed PMID: 8879581.


65: Gstaiger M, Georgiev O, van Leeuwen H, van der Vliet P, Schaffner W. The B
cell coactivator Bob1 shows DNA sequence-dependent complex formation with
Oct-1/Oct-2 factors, leading to differential promoter activation. EMBO J. 1996
Jun 3;15(11):2781-90. PubMed PMID: 8654375; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC450214.


66: Hagmann M, Adlkofer K, Pfeiffer P, Bruggmann R, Georgiev O, Rungger D,
Schaffner W. Dramatic changes in the ratio of homologous recombination to
nonhomologous DNA-end joining in oocytes and early embryos of Xenopus laevis.
Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1996 Apr;377(4):239-50. PubMed PMID: 8737989.


67: Georgiev O, Bourquin JP, Gstaiger M, Knoepfel L, Schaffner W, Hovens C. Two
versatile eukaryotic vectors permitting epitope tagging, radiolabelling and
nuclear localisation of expressed proteins. Gene. 1996 Feb 12;168(2):165-7.
PubMed PMID: 8654937.


68: Hug M, Silke J, Georgiev O, Rusconi S, Schaffner W, Matsuo K. Transcriptional
repression by methylation: cooperativity between a CpG cluster in the promoter
and remote CpG-rich regions. FEBS Lett. 1996 Feb 5;379(3):251-4. PubMed PMID:
8603700.


69: Knoepfel L, Georgiev O, Nielsen P, Schaffner W. Cloning and characterization 
of the murine B-cell specific transcriptional coactivator Bob1. Biol Chem Hoppe
Seyler. 1996 Feb;377(2):139-45. PubMed PMID: 8868069.


70: Radtke F, Hug M, Georgiev O, Matsuo K, Schaffner W. Differential sensitivity 
of zinc finger transcription factors MTF-1, Sp1 and Krox-20 to CpG methylation of
their binding sites. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1996 Jan;377(1):47-56. PubMed PMID: 
8929813.


71: Hagmann M, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Douville P. Transcription factors
interacting with herpes simplex virus alpha gene promoters in sensory neurons.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Dec 25;23(24):4978-85. PubMed PMID: 8559654; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC307502.


72: Rother KI, Silke J, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Matsuo K. Influence of DNA
sequence and methylation status on bisulfite conversion of cytosine residues.
Anal Biochem. 1995 Oct 10;231(1):263-5. PubMed PMID: 8678311.


73: Müller HP, Brungnera E, Georgiev O, Badzong M, Müller KH, Schaffner W.
Analysis of the heavy metal-responsive transcription factor MTF-1 from human and 
mouse. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1995 Sep;21(5):289-97. PubMed PMID: 8619126.


74: Silke J, Rother KI, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Matsuo K. Complex demethylation 
patterns at Sp1 binding sites in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. FEBS Lett. 1995
Aug 21;370(3):170-4. PubMed PMID: 7656970.


75: Radtke F, Georgiev O, Müller HP, Brugnera E, Schaffner W. Functional domains 
of the heavy metal-responsive transcription regulator MTF-1. Nucleic Acids Res.
1995 Jun 25;23(12):2277-86. PubMed PMID: 7610056; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC307018.


76: Gramatikoff K, Schaffner W, Georgiev O. The leucine zipper of c-Jun binds to 
ribosomal protein L18a: a role in Jun protein regulation? Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler.
1995 May;376(5):321-5. PubMed PMID: 7662174.


77: Gerber HP, Hagmann M, Seipel K, Georgiev O, West MA, Litingtung Y, Schaffner 
W, Corden JL. RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain required for enhancer-driven
transcription. Nature. 1995 Apr 13;374(6523):660-2. PubMed PMID: 7715709.


78: Künzler P, Matsuo K, Schaffner W. Pathological, physiological, and
evolutionary aspects of short unstable DNA repeats in the human genome. Biol Chem
Hoppe Seyler. 1995 Apr;376(4):201-11. Review. PubMed PMID: 7626229.


79: Hottiger M, Gramatikoff K, Georgiev O, Chaponnier C, Schaffner W, Hübscher U.
The large subunit of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase interacts with beta-actin.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Mar 11;23(5):736-41. PubMed PMID: 7535922; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC306752.


80: Hergersberg M, Matsuo K, Gassmann M, Schaffner W, Lüscher B, Rülicke T,
Aguzzi A. Tissue-specific expression of a FMR1/beta-galactosidase fusion gene in 
transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Mar;4(3):359-66. PubMed PMID: 7795588.


81: Clay O, Schaffner W, Matsuo K. Periodicity of eight nucleotides in purine
distribution around human genomic CpG dinucleotides. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1995
Mar;21(2):91-8. PubMed PMID: 7570188.


82: Douville P, Hagmann M, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Positive and negative
regulation at the herpes simplex virus ICP4 and ICP0 TAATGARAT motifs. Virology. 
1995 Feb 20;207(1):107-16. PubMed PMID: 7871718.


83: Gstaiger M, Knoepfel L, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Hovens CM. A B-cell
coactivator of octamer-binding transcription factors. Nature. 1995 Jan
26;373(6512):360-2. PubMed PMID: 7779176.


84: Gramatikoff K, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Direct interaction rescue, a novel
filamentous phage technique to study protein-protein interactions. Nucleic Acids 
Res. 1994 Dec 25;22(25):5761-2. PubMed PMID: 7838733; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC310144.


85: Matsuo K, Silke J, Gramatikoff K, Schaffner W. The CpG-specific methylase
SssI has topoisomerase activity in the presence of Mg2+. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 
Dec 11;22(24):5354-9. PubMed PMID: 7816625; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC332082.


86: Pult I, Sajantila A, Simanainen J, Georgiev O, Schaffner W, Pääbo S.
Mitochondrial DNA sequences from Switzerland reveal striking homogeneity of
European populations. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1994 Dec;375(12):837-40. PubMed
PMID: 7710701.


87: Gstaiger M, Schaffner W. Strong transcriptional activators isolated from
viral DNA by the 'activator trap', a novel selection system in mammalian cells.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Oct 11;22(20):4031-8. PubMed PMID: 7937127; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC331886.


88: Matsuo K, Clay O, Künzler P, Georgiev O, Urbánek P, Schaffner W. Short
introns interrupting the Oct-2 POU domain may prevent recombination between POU
family genes without interfering with potential POU domain 'shuffling' in
evolution. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1994 Oct;375(10):675-83. PubMed PMID: 7888080.


89: Seipel K, Georgiev O, Gerber HP, Schaffner W. Basal components of the
transcription apparatus (RNA polymerase II, TATA-binding protein) contain
activation domains: is the repetitive C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase
II a "portable enhancer domain"? Mol Reprod Dev. 1994 Oct;39(2):215-25. PubMed
PMID: 7826625.


90: Brugnera E, Georgiev O, Radtke F, Heuchel R, Baker E, Sutherland GR,
Schaffner W. Cloning, chromosomal mapping and characterization of the human
metal-regulatory transcription factor MTF-1. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Aug
11;22(15):3167-73. PubMed PMID: 8065932; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC310292.


91: Seipel K, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. A minimal transcription activation domain 
consisting of a specific array of aspartic acid and leucine residues. Biol Chem
Hoppe Seyler. 1994 Jul;375(7):463-70. PubMed PMID: 7945996.


92: Heuchel R, Radtke F, Georgiev O, Stark G, Aguet M, Schaffner W. The
transcription factor MTF-1 is essential for basal and heavy metal-induced
metallothionein gene expression. EMBO J. 1994 Jun 15;13(12):2870-5. PubMed PMID: 
8026472; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC395168.


93: Gerber HP, Seipel K, Georgiev O, Höfferer M, Hug M, Rusconi S, Schaffner W.
Transcriptional activation modulated by homopolymeric glutamine and proline
stretches. Science. 1994 Feb 11;263(5148):808-11. PubMed PMID: 8303297.


94: Künzler M, Braus GH, Georgiev O, Seipel K, Schaffner W. Functional
differences between mammalian transcription activation domains at the yeast GAL1 
promoter. EMBO J. 1994 Feb 1;13(3):641-5. PubMed PMID: 8313909; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC394854.


95: Xu L, Rungger D, Georgiev O, Seipel K, Schaffner W. Different potential of
cellular and viral activators of transcription revealed in oocytes and early
embryos of Xenopus laevis. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1994 Feb;375(2):105-12. PubMed
PMID: 8192855.


96: Seipel K, Georgiev O, Gerber HP, Schaffner W. C-terminal domain (CTD) of
RNA-polymerase II and N-terminal segment of the human TATA binding protein (TBP) 
can mediate remote and proximal transcriptional activation, respectively. Nucleic
Acids Res. 1993 Dec 11;21(24):5609-15. PubMed PMID: 8284205; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC310524.


97: Arnosti DN, Preston CM, Hagmann M, Schaffner W, Hope RG, Laughlan G, Luisi
BF. Specific transcriptional activation in vitro by the herpes simplex virus
protein VP16. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Dec 11;21(24):5570-6. PubMed PMID: 8284200;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC310517.


98: Matsuo K, Clay O, Takahashi T, Silke J, Schaffner W. Evidence for erosion of 
mouse CpG islands during mammalian evolution. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1993
Nov;19(6):543-55. PubMed PMID: 8128314.


99: Xu L, Schaffner W, Rungger D. Transcriptional activation by recombinant
GAL4-VP16 in the Xenopus oocyte. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jun 11;21(11):2775.
PubMed PMID: 8332481; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC309627.


100: Rigoni P, Xu L, Harshman K, Schaffner W, Arnosti DN. Conserved cysteine
residues of Oct-2 POU domain confer sensitivity to oxidation but are dispensable 
for sequence-specific DNA binding. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 May
28;1173(2):141-6. PubMed PMID: 8504164.


101: Radtke F, Heuchel R, Georgiev O, Hergersberg M, Gariglio M, Dembic Z,
Schaffner W. Cloned transcription factor MTF-1 activates the mouse
metallothionein I promoter. EMBO J. 1993 Apr;12(4):1355-62. PubMed PMID: 8467794;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC413347.


102: Schreiber E, Tobler A, Malipiero U, Schaffner W, Fontana A. cDNA cloning of 
human N-Oct3, a nervous-system specific POU domain transcription factor binding
to the octamer DNA motif. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jan 25;21(2):253-8. PubMed
PMID: 8441633; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC309100.


103: Arnosti DN, Merino A, Reinberg D, Schaffner W. Oct-2 facilitates functional 
preinitiation complex assembly and is continuously required at the promoter for
multiple rounds of transcription. EMBO J. 1993 Jan;12(1):157-66. PubMed PMID:
8428575; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC413187.


104: Brugnera E, Xu L, Schaffner W, Arnosti DN. POU-specific domain of Oct-2
factor confers 'octamer' motif DNA binding specificity on heterologous
Antennapedia homeodomain. FEBS Lett. 1992 Dec 21;314(3):361-5. PubMed PMID:
1361457.


105: Seipel K, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. Different activation domains stimulate
transcription from remote ('enhancer') and proximal ('promoter') positions. EMBO 
J. 1992 Dec;11(13):4961-8. PubMed PMID: 1464321; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC556974.


106: Gerber HP, Georgiev O, Harshman K, Schaffner W. In vitro transcription
complementation assay with miniextracts of transiently transfected COS-1 cells.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Nov 11;20(21):5855-6. PubMed PMID: 1454555; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC334441.


107: Czank A, Häuselmann R, Page AW, Leonhardt H, Bestor TH, Schaffner W,
Hergersberg M. Expression in mammalian cells of a cloned gene encoding murine DNA
methyltransferase. Gene. 1991 Dec 30;109(2):259-63. PubMed PMID: 1662657.


108: Xu LC, Thali M, Schaffner W. Upstream box/TATA box order is the major
determinant of the direction of transcription. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Dec
25;19(24):6699-704. PubMed PMID: 1762900; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC329297.


109: Kermekchiev M, Pettersson M, Matthias P, Schaffner W. Every enhancer works
with every promoter for all the combinations tested: could new regulatory
pathways evolve by enhancer shuffling? Gene Expr. 1991 Apr;1(1):71-81. PubMed
PMID: 1668145.


110: Zeng J, Heuchel R, Schaffner W, Kägi JH. Thionein (apometallothionein) can
modulate DNA binding and transcription activation by zinc finger containing
factor Sp1. FEBS Lett. 1991 Feb 25;279(2):310-2. PubMed PMID: 2001744.


111: Kemler I, Bucher E, Seipel K, Müller-Immerglück MM, Schaffner W. Promoters
with the octamer DNA motif (ATGCAAAT) can be ubiquitous or cell type-specific
depending on binding affinity of the octamer site and Oct-factor concentration.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Jan 25;19(2):237-42. PubMed PMID: 2014164; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC333585.


112: Schreiber E, Harshman K, Kemler I, Malipiero U, Schaffner W, Fontana A.
Astrocytes and glioblastoma cells express novel octamer-DNA binding proteins
distinct from the ubiquitous Oct-1 and B cell type Oct-2 proteins. Nucleic Acids 
Res. 1990 Sep 25;18(18):5495-503. PubMed PMID: 2216722; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC332229.


113: Thali M, Rusconi S, Schaffner W. Immediate early protein of pseudorabies
virus is a general transactivator but stimulates only suboptimally utilized
promoters. A clue to specificity? J Mol Biol. 1990 Sep 20;215(2):301-11. PubMed
PMID: 2170665.


114: Müller HP, Schaffner W. Transcriptional enhancers can act in trans. Trends
Genet. 1990 Sep;6(9):300-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 2238088.


115: Pettersson M, Schaffner W. Synergistic activation of transcription by
multiple binding sites for NF-kappa B even in absence of co-operative factor
binding to DNA. J Mol Biol. 1990 Jul 20;214(2):373-80. PubMed PMID: 2199680.


116: Müller HP, Matthias P, Schaffner W. A transcriptional terminator between
enhancer and promoter does not affect remote transcriptional control. Somat Cell 
Mol Genet. 1990 Jul;16(4):351-60. PubMed PMID: 2218723.


117: Müller-Immerglück MM, Schaffner W, Matthias P. Transcription factor Oct-2A
contains functionally redundant activating domains and works selectively from a
promoter but not from a remote enhancer position in non-lymphoid (HeLa) cells.
EMBO J. 1990 May;9(5):1625-34. PubMed PMID: 2328728; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC551858.


118: Elmaleh N, Matthias P, Schaffner W. A factor known to bind to endogenous Ig 
heavy chain enhancer only in lymphocytes is a ubiquitously active transcription
factor. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Feb 14;187(3):507-13. PubMed PMID: 2105887.


119: Schatt MD, Rusconi S, Schaffner W. A single DNA-binding transcription factor
is sufficient for activation from a distant enhancer and/or from a promoter
position. EMBO J. 1990 Feb;9(2):481-7. PubMed PMID: 2303037; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC551690.


120: Heuchel R, Matthias P, Schaffner W. Two closely spaced promoters are equally
activated by a remote enhancer: evidence against a scanning model for enhancer
action. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Nov 25;17(22):8931-47. PubMed PMID: 2555780;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC335104.


121: Schreiber E, Schaffner W. Long-range activation of transcription by SV40
enhancer is affected by "inhibitory" or "permissive" DNA sequences between
enhancer and promoter. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1989 Nov;15(6):591-603. PubMed PMID:
2556801.


122: Müeller-Storm HP, Sogo JM, Schaffner W. An enhancer stimulates transcription
in trans when attached to the promoter via a protein bridge. Cell. 1989 Aug
25;58(4):767-77. Erratum in: Cell 1989 Oct 20;59(2):405. PubMed PMID: 2548735.


123: Müller MM, Schreiber E, Schaffner W, Matthias P. Rapid test for in vivo
stability and DNA binding of mutated octamer binding proteins with
'mini-extracts' prepared from transfected cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Aug
11;17(15):6420. PubMed PMID: 2771660; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC318319.


124: Schreiber E, Matthias P, Müller MM, Schaffner W. Rapid detection of octamer 
binding proteins with 'mini-extracts', prepared from a small number of cells.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Aug 11;17(15):6419. PubMed PMID: 2771659; PubMed Central 
PMCID: PMC318318.


125: Matthias P, Müller MM, Schreiber E, Rusconi S, Schaffner W. Eukaryotic
expression vectors for the analysis of mutant proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989
Aug 11;17(15):6418. PubMed PMID: 2549518; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC318317.


126: Kemler I, Schreiber E, Müller MM, Matthias P, Schaffner W. Octamer
transcription factors bind to two different sequence motifs of the immunoglobulin
heavy chain promoter. EMBO J. 1989 Jul;8(7):2001-8. PubMed PMID: 2507313; PubMed 
Central PMCID: PMC401074.


127: Iguchi-Ariga SM, Schaffner W. CpG methylation of the cAMP-responsive
enhancer/promoter sequence TGACGTCA abolishes specific factor binding as well as 
transcriptional activation. Genes Dev. 1989 May;3(5):612-9. PubMed PMID: 2545524.


128: Schreiber E, Matthias P, Müller MM, Schaffner W. Identification of a novel
lymphoid specific octamer binding protein (OTF-2B) by proteolytic clipping
bandshift assay (PCBA). EMBO J. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4221-9. PubMed PMID: 3072196;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC455135.


129: Müller MM, Ruppert S, Schaffner W, Matthias P. A cloned octamer
transcription factor stimulates transcription from lymphoid-specific promoters in
non-B cells. Nature. 1988 Dec 8;336(6199):544-51. PubMed PMID: 2904653.


130: Westin G, Schaffner W. A zinc-responsive factor interacts with a
metal-regulated enhancer element (MRE) of the mouse metallothionein-I gene. EMBO 
J. 1988 Dec 1;7(12):3763-70. PubMed PMID: 3208749; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC454951.


131: Müller MM, Gerster T, Schaffner W. Enhancer sequences and the regulation of 
gene transcription. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Oct 1;176(3):485-95. Review. PubMed PMID:
3049082.


132: Höller M, Westin G, Jiricny J, Schaffner W. Sp1 transcription factor binds
DNA and activates transcription even when the binding site is CpG methylated.
Genes Dev. 1988 Sep;2(9):1127-35. PubMed PMID: 3056778.


133: Severne Y, Wieland S, Schaffner W, Rusconi S. Metal binding 'finger'
structures in the glucocorticoid receptor defined by site-directed mutagenesis.
EMBO J. 1988 Aug;7(8):2503-8. PubMed PMID: 3191912; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC457120.


134: Westin G, Schaffner W. Heavy metal ions in transcription factors from HeLa
cells: Sp1, but not octamer transcription factor requires zinc for DNA binding
and for activator function. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jul 11;16(13):5771-81. PubMed
PMID: 3135532; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC336828.


135: Schaffner G, Schirm S, Müller-Baden B, Weber F, Schaffner W. Redundancy of
information in enhancers as a principle of mammalian transcription control. J Mol
Biol. 1988 May 5;201(1):81-90. PubMed PMID: 2843647.


136: Petterson M, Schaffner W. A purine-rich DNA sequence motif present in SV40
and lymphotropic papovavirus binds a lymphoid-specific factor and contributes to 
enhancer activity in lymphoid cells. Genes Dev. 1987 Nov;1(9):962-72. PubMed
PMID: 2828177.


137: Westin G, Gerster T, Müller MM, Schaffner G, Schaffner W. OVEC, a versatile 
system to study transcription in mammalian cells and cell-free extracts. Nucleic 
Acids Res. 1987 Sep 11;15(17):6787-98. PubMed PMID: 3658668; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC306175.


138: Schirm S, Jiricny J, Schaffner W. The SV40 enhancer can be dissected into
multiple segments, each with a different cell type specificity. Genes Dev. 1987
Mar;1(1):65-74. PubMed PMID: 2828161.


139: Serfling E, Schaffner W. Inducible and constitutive sequence elements in the
enhancer of the mouse metallothionein-I gene. Experientia Suppl. 1987;52:415-22. 
Review. PubMed PMID: 2822464.